t2紫銅棒的性質
紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)因呈紫(zi)(zi)紅(hong)色而得(de)名。它不一定是純(chun)(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong),有(you)(you)時還加入少(shao)量(liang)脫氧元素或其他元素,以改(gai)善材質和性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)因此(ci)也歸入銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金。中國紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)加工(gong)(gong)材按成(cheng)(cheng)分可分為:普通紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(T1、T2、T3、T4)、無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(TU1、TU2和高純(chun)(chun)、真空(kong)無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong))、脫氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(TUP、TUMn)、添(tian)加少(shao)量(liang)合金元素的(de)特(te)種銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(砷銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、碲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、銀銅(tong)(tong)(tong))四(si)類。紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)導(dao)率和熱導(dao)率僅次于銀,廣泛(fan)用于制作導(dao)電(dian)(dian)、導(dao)熱器材。紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)在大(da)氣、海(hai)水和某些非(fei)氧化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)酸(suan)(suan)(鹽酸(suan)(suan)、稀(xi)硫酸(suan)(suan))、堿、鹽溶液及多種有(you)(you)機酸(suan)(suan)(醋酸(suan)(suan)、檸檬酸(suan)(suan))中,有(you)(you)良好的(de)耐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing),用于化(hua)學工(gong)(gong)業。另外,紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)良好的(de)焊接(jie)性(xing)(xing)(xing),可經冷、熱塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)制成(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)種半成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)和成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)。20世紀70年代,紫(zi)(zi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)產量(liang)超過了其他各(ge)類銅(tong)(tong)(tong)合金的(de)總產量(liang)。
t2紫銅棒中的微量雜質對銅的導電、導熱性能有嚴重影響。其中鈦、磷、鐵、硅等顯著降低電導率,而鎘、鋅等則影響很小。氧、硫、硒、碲等在銅中的固溶度很小,可與銅生成脆性化合物,對導電性影響不大,但能降低加工塑性。普通紫銅在含氫或一氧化碳的還原性氣氛中加熱時,氫或一氧化碳易與晶界的氧化亞銅(Cu2O)作用,產生高壓水蒸氣或二氧化碳氣體,可使銅破裂。這種現象常稱為銅的“氫病”。 具有優良的導電性﹑導熱性﹑延展性和耐蝕性。主要用于制作發電機﹑母線﹑電纜﹑開關裝置﹑變壓器等電工器材和熱交換器﹑管道﹑太陽能加熱裝置的平板集熱器等導熱器材。常用的銅合金分為黃銅﹑青銅(tong)﹑白(bai)銅(tong)3大(da)類。
純凈的銅是紫紅色的金屬,俗稱“紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)”、“紅銅(tong)(tong)”或(huo)“赤銅(tong)(tong)”。 紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)富有(you)延展性(xing)。象(xiang)一滴水那(nei)么大小的純銅(tong)(tong),可(ke)拉(la)成長達(da)兩公里(li)的細絲,或(huo)壓延成比床還大的幾(ji)乎透明的箔。紫(zi)銅(tong)(tong)最可(ke)貴的性(xing)質是導電性(xing)能非常好,在所有(you)的金屬(shu)中(zhong)僅次于銀(yin)。但銅(tong)(tong)比銀(yin)便宜得多,因此成了(le)電氣工(gong)業(ye)的“主角”。
特性及適用范圍:
有良好的導電.導熱.耐(nai)蝕和(he)加(jia)工性(xing)能,可以焊接(jie)(jie)和(he)纖焊。含降(jiang)低導電.導熱性(xing)的雜質較少,微(wei)量的氧對導電.導熱和(he)加(jia)工等性(xing)能影響不(bu)大,但(dan)易(yi)引起“氫(qing)病”,不(bu)宜(yi)在高溫(如>370°)還原(yuan)性(xing)氣氛中(zhong)加(jia)工(退火.焊接(jie)(jie)等)和(he)使(shi)用。
t2紫銅棒的用途
紫銅的用途比純鐵廣泛得多,每年有50%的銅被電解提純為純銅,用于電氣工業。這里所說的紫銅,確實要非常純,含銅達99.95%以上才行。極少量的雜質,特別是磷、砷、鋁等,會大大降低銅的導電率。銅中含氧(煉銅時容易混入少量氧)對導電率影響很大,用于電氣工業的銅一般都必須是無氧銅。另外,鉛、銻、鉍(bi)等雜質會(hui)使銅的結晶(jing)不能結合在一起,造成熱脆,也會(hui)影響純(chun)銅的加(jia)工(gong)。
t2紫銅棒是(shi)(shi)比較純凈(jing)的一(yi)種銅,一(yi)般可近似認為(wei)是(shi)(shi)純銅,導電性、塑性都較好,但強度、硬(ying)度較差一(yi)些。